What is split grade printing?
Split grade printing refers to the use of more than one filter to create a final print.
When we inspect a negative, we look at highlights and shadows to determine what needs to be done in the darkroom to get the desired contrast out of our print.
After making a test strip and determining the time needed to create a correct exposure, we can focus on the filter grades used to bring the shadows and the highlights to the desired level of contrast.
There are 12 filters, on a scale from 00 to 5. The low number corresponds to a low contrast, and the high number means a higher contrast. A low contrast filter will have a limited effect on the shadows, and likewise, a high filter will have a modest effect on the highlights.
Extremely low numbers are usually employed when we have blown-out highlights, and conversely, a number 5 filter is used for very dark shadows. Grade 2.5 or 3 is generally considered a mid filter and is usually a good starting point to assess your print time.
Each area will require a different exposure time for the highlights and for the shadows. Using different papers, chemistry, and filters may vary the results.
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How to make a darkroom at home?
When setting up a darkroom, it is crucial to find an adequate space and purchase a good enlarger. Every other tool can be easily found online.
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What is a test strip?
A test strip is a piece of paper with which the correct exposure time for an image can be determined by dividing it into sections of different exposures.
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What is a contact sheet?
A contact sheet is a printed photographic paper that includes on a single page all the photos taken on the roll.
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What does “pre-flashing” mean?
Pre-flashing is done to the whole paper to accelerate the density, without compromising the white. It is used when there is a negative with dense highlights.
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How and where to find a darkroom to use if you don’t have space at home?
In many cities you will be able to find darkrooms that you can use. These spaces are often part of a university, college or photography center.
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What are the different types of photographic paper?
Photographic paper is coated with a light sensitive solution to make it possible to create a darkroom print. Different papers are distinguished by categories such as fixed grade, variable contrast, resin coated, and fiber base.
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How to make a darkroom print
Work in a fully equipped darkroom. Select a negative, put it in an enlarger and focus the frame. Then expose the image for the correct time on the photographic paper. Finally develop, stop, fix, wash and dry.
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What is an enlarger?
An enlarger is a light projector used to make a print of an image that is larger than the original negative or transparency.
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What is Dodging and Burning?
Dodging and burning are darkroom techniques used to make adjustments to different areas of our prints. Dodging lightens an area, while burning darkens an area.